Autonomous vehicle-to-grid design for provision of frequency control ancillary service and distribution voltage regulation

We develop a system-level design for the provision of Ancillary Service (AS) control electric power grids by in-vehicle batteries, suitably applied to Electric Vehicles (EVs) operated in sharing service. An architecture cooperation between transportation and energy management systems is introduced that enables us an autonomous Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) multi-objective AS: primary frequency transmission grid voltage amplitude regulation distribution connected EVs. The based on ordinary differential equation model voltage, which has been recently as new physics-based model, utilized this paper assessing regulating impact spatiotemporal charging/charging large population EVs grid. Effectiveness V2G evaluated with numerical simulations realistic models synthetic operation data In addition, we present hardware-in-the-loop test evaluating its feasibility situation where inevitable latency involved due power, control, communication equipments.